11 Competing Risks, Frailty and Recurrent Events

The models so far follow each subject to a single event of a single kind, with subjects independent of one another. Three common departures are treated in this section. With competing risks, a subject can fail from one of several causes, and the occurrence of one prevents the others. With frailty, subjects come in clusters, such as patients in hospitals or two kidneys of one patient, that share unmeasured risk. With recurrent events, the same subject can have the event, an infection or a hospital admission, several times. Each needs a change in what is estimated as well as in how.

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